E15's Unexpected Surprise

 It is almost ironic that in this day and age, where our society is supposedly moving away from internal combustion engines and toward battery electric vehicles, there is now a baffling array of gasoline grades available. Since the late 1980s, when leaded gasoline was completely phased out, most stations have offered three grades: regular (87 octane), mid-grade (89 octane) and premium (93 octane), but several new options have appeared in recent years like E85 (up to 85 percent ethanol) and E15 (15 percent ethanol), as well as non-ethanol formulations on the other end of the spectrum. This all begs the question of which is best for your car. The answer, of course, is 'that depends'. Different formulations are optimized for different types of vehicles.

To fully understand the differences among these fuel grades, not including diesel, we first need to understand what octane is and what it measures. Many people mistakenly believe octane is a measure of the fuel's potential power and that higher octane fuel will deliver higher performance, but it's a little more nuanced than that. Octane is a measure of gasoline's ability not to detonate under pressure. Higher performance engines often require higher octane fuel because they have a higher compression ratio, which delivers a bigger bang, if you will, when the fuel is detonated. For this reason, higher compression engines, including those that use superchargers or turbochargers, will not run properly on regular fuel, but the opposite is not true for more conventional engines. While higher octane fuel is not an issue for them, there is no real benefit, either. 

With that bit of knowledge in hand, let's look at the various gasoline grades and what vehicles they're best for:

Regular (87 octane)—More often than not, this is the fuel you need. It works in most cars, unless they have a high-performance, high-compression engine. If your car specifies "Unleaded Fuel Only", regular gas will work just fine. It will also work in flex fuel vehicles, but more on that later.

Mid-Grade/Plus (89 octane)—This is often the forgotten 'middle child' at the gas pump. This is the same octane rating as leaded regular gas, which has not been available in the U.S. since about 1988, and is best suited for older cars that ran on leaded regular. It will deliver slightly improved performance and fuel economy in some other cars, but the ever-widening price spread between it and regular often makes it somewhat of a false economy.

Premium (93 octane)—As mentioned earlier, this is the specified fuel for higher compression and forced induction engines. In most cases, a car requiring premium fuel will spark knock on regular, a result of premature detonation, although there are some exceptions, such as Cadillac's NorthStar V8, which would automatically adjust itself to run on regular, albeit with a modest loss of performance and fuel economy.

Non-Ethanol (90 octane)—Up until about a decade ago, most gasoline did not contain ethanol (corn alcohol), but today's gasoline is typically an E10 (ten percent ethanol) blend. Most cars run fine on E10, but some do not. If you have a car with carburetor, especially an old muscle car from the '60s, this might be a viable option, but for most applications the benefits are marginal at best, especially at a premium of around a dollar a gallon over regular.

E85—As the acronym suggests, this as an up to 85 percent ethanol blend, or more accurately, 51-85 percent. Regardless of the exact ratio of gasoline to alcohol, this fuel should only be used in flex fuel vehicles that are designed for it. The best way to tell if you have such a vehicle is to look for 'Flex Fuel' badging on it and a yellow factory supplied gas cap. I owned a flex fuel vehicle, a 2011 Chevy Impala, for a few years, but I never put E85 in it because the owner's manual stated due to the lower energy contained in ethanol. it would yield reduced fuel economy and performance. The few times I saw it at a gas station, the price was so close to that of regular gas, that running it seemed to present a false economy; that is, the lower fuel economy negated the cost savings. That said, ethanol does burn cleaner than gasoline and it is American made, so those might be significant feel good points for some people.

E15 (88 octane)—This fuel is designed to run in any 2001 model or newer passenger car or light duty truck, flex fuel or not. It has a slightly higher ethanol level than conventional gasoline, which gives it a slightly higher octane rating. Still, many drivers are skeptical of E15 because of the conventional wisdom that non-flex fuel vehicles can only tolerate up to 10 percent ethanol, and this was why I always ignored it, despite it being a bit cheaper than regular.  

That price spread suddenly opened into a chasm last week, when a local station ran a promo, knocking the price of E15 down to $1.35 below that of regular 87 octane. After some online research to assure myself that it was safe to run in my car, I topped up my tank ahead of a 200-mile road trip. The results were, to say the least, unexpected. I figured that if fuel economy were off even by as much as 5 mpg, I would still be coming out ahead, but instead, I actually got better gas mileage than on regular 87 octane fuel. While I usually average 32-34 mpg on that trip, my round trip average was 36.3 mpg. I was astonished enough that I refilled the next day with more E15 (still at the bargain price of $1.91 a gallon) to test it out on regular, in-town driving. So far, in-town mileage is comparable, so I'm declaring this experiment a success, in that E15 fuel has proven itself an economical alternative, at least in my car. While I may not use it exclusively, I will consider it a cost-effective alternative and will use it when appropriate. Late fall and early winter are when I see the best fuel economy, but it will be interesting to see how it holds up in the warmer months, when I am using the air conditioning and the summer's heat is putting an additional strain on the engine.

Check back for periodic updates...

SPEAKING OF UPDATES--It's been about eight months since I discovered E15 and I have continued to use it at least as often as I use regular gas. Although no longer as deeply discounted as it was, it's still a good 30 cents cheaper, and these days, every little bit helps. My long-term observations are that there is no noticeable difference in performance, but a slight dip in fuel economy, about 2-3 mpg on average, especially in hot weather. The difference during cooler weather, where the air conditioning is not needed, is almost nonexistent. 

All that said, I convinced a friend to try a tank of E15 in her 2001 Pontiac minivan, and the results were less than stellar, with a check engine light and hesitation occurring shortly after the fill-up. The problem went away once there was enough room in the tank to add a few gallons of regular gas.

Have I Developed a Love/Hate Relationship with Apple Products?

 I've owned and used Apple products for more than 30 years, beginning with an Apple Mac Classic and monochrome StyleWriter ink jet printer I acquired shortly after I started graduate school in 1991. I've been through a string of Macs since then, and use a rather aged MacBook Pro as my daily driver at home. Along the way, I've had about three iPads and am on my second iPhone (never looked back at Android after getting the first one in 2016). I also had some fun a few years ago, refurbishing and upgrading old iPods, but my more recent technology acquisitions have been decidedly non-Apple. I wonder why that is.

I am no fan of Microsoft, so I do my best to stay away from Windows (I wish my employer felt the same way), but that's not to say I'm not open to new things. My latest laptop is a Chromebook, and for a tablet these days, I'm using an Amazon Fire 10 HD. For home automation, I also seem to be all in on Google Assistant instead of Apple Home.

The common denominator in those choices seems to be price. While iPads start at around $400, I got the Amazon Fire tablet on sale for well under $100. I got the Chromebook for a couple hundred dollars when I needed something to get me through until I could find what I really wanted, but the Chromebook ended up being something I could live with for the price. It's a fine secondary laptop, but will never achieve daily driver status.

The choice of Google Assistant happened more because of a freebie than anything else. I had not even considered home automation beyond a couple of KASA smart plugs when I got an offer for a free Google Nest Home Mini smart speaker from Sirius-XM. In addition to being able to listen to music, I could now control certain lamps, connected to the aforementioned smart plugs, with my voice. 

All of this might lead a casual observer to conclude that, over time, I've been gradually turning my back on Apple and its products, but that simply isn't true. It's more a matter of matching functionality to cost. Some Apple products, such as iPhones, are totally worth the price, while iPads, given the limited uses I have for a tablet are less so, especially considering that much less expensive alternatives are available that do everything I need a tablet to do. The same holds true of my Google Nest devices. My needs were essentially non-existent and were thus easily filled by a free device. 

Where the equation gets more complicated is with laptops. My Chromebook was amazingly inexpensive, but that low price came with its own costs. It does what it does reasonably well, but there's simply a lot it can't do. Realistically, a Chromebook can satisfy about 65 percent of my computing needs, and that's pretty good for the price, but it doesn't make that remaining 35 percent go away. I've also tried inexpensive Windows laptops, but those aren't exactly satisfactory, either. That's why I have an almost decade-old MacBook Pro for daily use. Surprisingly, other than degraded battery life, and the fact that it's no longer receiving operating system updates, it's pretty sprightly for its age. One thing's for certain; factoring longevity into the equation makes a Mac more affordable than it would first appear. The trick, I've found, is not to cheap out, but to buy absolutely the most Mac you can afford, as upgrading later is going to be more expensive and perhaps even impossible.

Two other parts of the Apple ecosystem I haven't explored are Apple TV and the Apple watch. As with Apple Home, streaming with Apple TV never made it to my radar. My first foray into streaming was with an Internet-enabled Panasonic Blu-Ray player, capable of streaming Netflix and Hulu. Within a couple of years, I had transitioned to Roku boxes, which are cheap and adequately serve my needs. 

I have, at times, been intrigued by Apple Watches, but not enough to lay down a few hundred dollars for one. If they were to incorporate a glucometer function into the health monitoring functions, I might consider it. For now, I will continue to check my sugar levels on my iPhone, using Freestyle Libre sensors.

The bottom line is that while I don't lock myself into the Apple ecosystem, neither am I abandoning it. I use it where it makes sense and look for alternatives where it doesn't. 

UPDATE: In the fall of 2023, I made an impulse purchase of a seller-refurbished Dell Latitude 7490 notebook computer, running Linux Mint in lieu of Windows, ostensibly as a replacement for my Chromebook, with which I had become increasingly dissatisfied, as covered in other posts on this site. What I wasn't expecting was that this computer would prove so satisfactory that it also replaced my now twelve-year-old MacBook Pro. I kept both machines running side-by-side for a few months, while actively using the Dell. Eventually, I shut the MacBook Pro down and have only fired it back up a couple of times since, mainly to transfer files to the Dell via a Web app called Snapdrop. I keep telling myself that I may someday get another MacBook, but to date "someday" has yet to arrive.

Putting it All Down on Paper

With the ubiquity of smart phones, a paper datebook may seem to many a bit of an anachronism, a reminder of how things were done way back when, yet many people, myself included, still use them. Despite my affinity for most things digital, I still like them. A few years ago, at the suggestion of a life coach, I acquired a portable sized Day-Timer and liked it fairly well; however, the Day-Timer page refills were very expensive and the binder could hold only about three months' worth of pages at any given time, so I always kept the previous month, the present month, and the next month to come in my binder. It wasn't ideal, but it worked. As it was explained to me by my life coach, I could write dates further in the future on the monthly planner pages and then transfer them to the daily planner pages whenever a new month was inserted. The process of transferring them would also help cement them in my mind.

The expense and complexity of the Day-Timer system eventually sent me searching for a better solution. For several years, I settled for employer-supplied date books, but they continued arriving later and later, so I decided the time had come to return my Day-Timer to service. I just had to find a more affordable alternative to the Day-Timer brand refill pages.

What I found, for a small fraction of the price of genuine Day-Timer inserts, was the At-A-Glance 'My Week' insert packs from ACCO Brands. They are the same page size, but unlike the Day-Timer pages, which show two days on facing pages, the At-A-Glance pages show a whole week on two facing pages, albeit in a little more cramped view, with hourly appointment slots instead of 15-minute slots on the Day-Timer pages. After using them for three or four years, I have found that the At-A-Glance page format has not, in any way, cramped my style, in fact, I prefer the At-A-Glance format to the Day-Timer format because I only have to change out the pages once a year, instead of once a month. 

A datebook is intended to be a productivity tool, but recording too much detail can have the opposite effect. The Day-Timer approach is simply too granular for my needs. Honestly, I feel that if I were to document my life in the way the Day-Timer's layout suggests—filling in as many spaces as possible on as many pages as possible, I would never get anything else accomplished. In addition, my sometimes random though processes occasionally require a certain amount of free text area on which to jot down thoughts and document additional details that wouldn't fit on a line in the weekly calendar. Having the freedom to write a page of notes and put them in the datebook adjacent to the relevant date is often far more useful than some of the pre-printed Day-Timer pages I have had. Of course, sticky notes—2 x 2 inches of smaller—are a viable option as well.

The Day-Timer starter pack that came with my binder provided a small pad of about twenty sheets of lined note paper, but refills for those are so frightfully expensive that I find myself excessively husbanding those pages as a scarce resource, to the point of avoiding using the few sheets I have, and even writing on them in pencil so I can erase and reuse them later. The At-A-Glance refill packs do not include lined paper at all, although ACCO does sell small packages of those sheets as a separate—and absurdly expensive—product. Fortunately, I found a generous supply of lined paper in the proper 6.75-inch-by-3.75-inch, six-hole punched size on eBay that was cheap enough that I won't have to worry about 'wasting' a sheet again for the foreseeable future. 

One of the great advantages of a refillable, binder style date book is its flexibility—put what you need in and leave the rest out. These days, I find myself systematically removing pages that do not serve my needs to make room for more lined note paper. I find a paper datebook, properly configured with what I need and will actually use, provides an excellent overview of one's working life, and that writing things down by hand seems to better cement them into my consciousness. Besides, a paper datebook requires no batteries. It's just a simple, efficient, and practical solution for keeping my life straight. Looking at the pages in my Day-Timer, there are sections that I use and those that I do not. If I am realistic about my usage patterns, I could remove the unnecessary ones to make it more useful. Here's what I use and what I don't:

• Month-at a glance calendar—I use it to plan ahead, but I primarily use the Week-at-a-glance pages instead.
• Week-at-a-glance calendar—This is the primary feature I use. I consider it to be indispensable and the very reason I by a new set of refills each year.
• Contact list—I prefer the contact list on my iPhone and never use the one in my Day-Timer. These pages could easily be eliminated. 
• Vehicle mileage/expense log—Another set of pages I never use and could eliminate without missing them.
• Ruled note pages—Perhaps the most flexible section that I have not been using for fear of running out. Now that I have plenty of these pages, I intend to use them much more liberally.
• Reference pages—The starter pack came with a few pages of reference material, such as a list of telephone area codes, a map of U.S. time zones, metric conversion chart, etc. I seldom use, but handy when needed and they take up little space, so they're worth keeping.